Sydaap - Technology Summit 2010 Get Chance to WIN RS.200000

Sydaap invites interested candidates currently pursuing B.E./B.Tech/M.E./M.Tech in India, to participate in the Technology Summit 2010. Papers on innovative & original designs in the following areas to be sent to Sydaap before September 30th 2010.


   1. Low Power Circuit Design Techniques
   2. Low Power Architecture for Communications Systems
   3. Analog & Mixed Signal Designs
   4. Robotics in Telecommunication
   5. Nanoelectronics
   6. Hardware/Software Partitioning in Embedded Systems
   7. Optimization of Real Time Operating systems
   8. Processor Design for DSP applications
   9. High Speed Serial Interfaces
  10. Image Processing Algorithms & Implementation
  11. Optimization of Device Drivers for Embedded Systems
  12. Low Power ADC & DAC circuit design for instrumentation

    * Winners of the summit may be invited to collaborate with Sydaap for future design activities.

    * All qualified participants to receive a Participation Certificate.

For participation process contact technosummit@sydaap.com

For information about Sydaap visit us at www.sydaap.com

Construction Estimating software

Information on selecting construction Estimating software packages is hard to come by. We hope that tips below will help you with your quest to locate the right constructon estimating software package for you.

There are many different program packages out there designed to suit various estimating purposes, and you should focus your selection on those packages that will address what you want done. You can see major ones described below:

Information on project trackers

You can multi-task efficiently using project trackers. Not so much an estimating tool as it is a records and schedule keeper, this type of program is essential for those who want to juggle several jobs at a time. Try to find a package with a good accounting system for your cost tallies per project, as well as an easy to understand and easy to update schedule tracker for the purposes of maximizing your time management. Some project trackers even have a personnel file option, made for the purposes of monitoring your employees out in the field, making dispatching less of a chore. Anything that makes organizing your business easier, saves you time which ends up saving you money in the end. The more organized your projects are, the more you can get done.

Cost control packages

These packages do a comparative analysis of the accounting involved in a construction job, based on parameters that you can program in to the computer. This allows you to be able to properly manage your budget for the project, maximizing your profit by minimizing the operation costs involved, while still maintaining quality workmanship. While this is something that can be done with any Construction Estimating software, Cost Control packages are designed especially for helping you keep the costs as low as possible to make the most profit on a contract.

Specialized By ProjectType Packages

When you have something specific that you want to do these Construction Estimating software packages can be very useful. For those whose line of work specializes in a certain construction job type, these are the preferred software packages to purchase. Some examples include, but are not limited to, Roof Construction Costing packages, Paint Cost estimating packages, Home and Interior Design Remodeling packages, Floor Tiling Construction packages, and Home Repair Costing packages. If you specialize, its best to get a package that is tailored to your particular needs, as the options available to those programs revolve around your line of work. The program design will be more of a clean, organized space than it would be otherwise.

Wind Power – Alternative Renewable Energy

Energy is essential for life. Since prehistoric times, when man used bonfires to keep warm at night or to cook food, energy has been  the force behind human evolution. In its various forms, energy now moves vehicles and even rockets that will take us to new frontiers in space.

Paradoxically, the use of fossil fuels like coal and oil, while it has allowed for an unimaginable development, endangers the very existence of humanity, given the limited supply of these fuels.

Today, modern man is faced with unbridled energy consumption, on the other hand, and a shortage of energy resources, on the other. This situation has resulted in a relentless search for alternative renewable sources that reduces our dependency on fossil fuels.

In this context, the exploitation of wind energy becomes increasingly interesting as it is a clean and abundantly available alternative.  Alongside other alternatives, such as nuclear, hydro, solar and geothermal energy, wind power is becoming more prevalent around the world. Wind farms are now a common sight in many countries, where they provide cities and industries with electricity.

Wind power is also important because of the current downturn in the automobile industry. Many of the technologies used in the automobile sector can be used for the industry production of windows and  the construction of wind turbines.

Crack injection repair to concrete structures

Scope of work:

Injection of dead cracks with low viscosity 2 components epoxy resin in order to repair the concrete structures.

PREPARATION FOR INJECTION WORK

• 14mm holes must be drilled along the crack path between 200 – 300 mm centres. The holes must be deep enough to receive the ‘metal pipe sleeves’ (approx. 20mm)

• Insert Sika ‘metal pipe sleeves’ into all the holes and epoxy into position using Sikadur 731

• Clean the concrete surface adjacent to the crack with a wire brush or sandpaper.

• Wipe down the concrete with a clean rag to remove any dust and loosely adhering particles.

• The cleaned surface is then sealed using Sikadur 731 applied by a spatula or trowel.

CRACK INJECTION

• Following the curing of the Sikadur 731 (minimum of 12 hours at 30oC) the epoxy injection can commence.

• Starting from one side or the lowest point of the crack a Sika ‘nipple’ is screwed into the first pipe sleeve and Sikadur 752 injected into the crack until the epoxy is seen to ooze from the adjacent pipe sleeve, this pipe sleeve is then sealed with a nipple, continue to inject the current port until refusal (epoxy resin can not be injected more) and then start the injection of the adjacent port and so on. This procedure is continued in the sequence indicated until all have been completed.

• Beginning at the first nipple filled, the nipple is removed and checked for incomplete filling. If any of the pipe sleeves are found to be incompletely filled, the injection of Sikadur 752 must recommence from the previous pipe sleeve to the one found incomplete until full and the nipple replaced. This checking process is continued (without interruption) along the crack until all have been checked.

• After a curing time of 12 hours the sleeve and nipples are trimmed off with an angle grinder or other suitable equipment.

What is a wind generator?

A wind generator is equipment for producing electrical power using wind energy. The machine catches the wind power and conveys it into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy drives the move of the blades (or paddle) in a motor to produce electricity power. Nowadays wind generators contribute thousands of megawatts (MW) of electricity to network. Wind generators are a very common energy solution for vast farms in rural area with many great benefits. Especially they are ideal for strong wind areas.

You don’t need to be an electrical or mechanical engineer to set up your own wind generator. The system is easily set up yourself with tons of guides you can find on internet or in a bookstore. The component for assembly and install a wind generator are also easily found around the market.

Wind generators were invented and used for long time in history as forms of wind turbine or windmill. Many years ago, when electricity power was not discovered, windmills were used to saw timber, grind grain and coin, pull boats and draw up and pump out water for irrigation and water supply. Today, 3 terms of windmill, wind turbine and wind generator are mostly used to name the same device.

There are many benefits of using wind generators. Hereafter are some of these:

1. Wind generators are environment friendly with two following feature:

    * They never generate harmful emission into atmosphere and waste materials to environment.

    * Wind generators do not use any fuel to generate power, so that they don’t hurt the natural resources of energy like gas, petroleum, coal…

2. Wind generators, as said above, do not consume any no-renewable natural sources. Therefore this help to secure the energy stabilization, eliminate the risk of global energy crisis. This is one of the best way of power saving.

3. You have to spend an amount of money for build up a wind generator. But for long time of exploiting energy, it is really cheap power. You will have your own electricity power totally free after a shot time of years. This is really economical energy solution.

4. If you own a wind generator, it really your own wind power plant for life. You never depend on state electricity network. Of course the works of your intire business or factory are not affected by government power-cut some times.

5. Wind a wind generator on your hand, the power is on forever without any interruption. This is really 24 hours per day, 7 days per week continuous electricity supply for your own place. Even if the system may stop for maintenance, the wind generator also have feature to store power, no need to worry about that.

If you want to save our planet by avoiding energy crisis, build your own wind power generation system right now to help the world and to support yourself.

Best Windmill Plan for your homemade Wind Power

Do you intend to set up a homemade wind power plant? The most important thing to assure the success of a homemade power system is its plan. Wind power generating system using a windmill is not an exception. The best windmill plan should be including these following features:

    * Guidance documents with illustrations: Visual descriptions with pictures and sketches work better than only-text ones. If your windmill guide includes illustrative descriptions for making steps, it makes your task much easier.

    * Easy language to understand: If your windmill-building guide contents a lot of technical terms, it is better to find another one. You should find out the one that is easy to understand. It will make your work goes smoothly.

    * Windmill Component descriptions: Your do-it-yourself windmill guide must provide you with visual and textual descriptions in details for all the components you need to use for device assembly. It shall be better if that the guide shows you which type of components can work best for the actual condition of your jobsite.

    * Local information relevant your place: If your guidebook provides you with information on the best tools and equipment available in Africa while you are about to build a windmill in USA, your guide is considered a useless material. Select a guidance document that provides equipment information of places where you are.

Build your own windmill to generate power is a great action to save our planet from energy crisis. Select a good plan that suitable with your budget and your site before set up your homemade power system.

PMP – Project Management Professional

A project management professional (PMP) is a highly-regarded career designation certified by the Project Management Institute (PMI). The project management professional designation ensures standardized methodologies for all persons with the PMP designation in all parts of the world. A certified project management professional is crucial in the selection, development, execution, and completion of business projects in many different industries.

Prerequisites for taking the exam leading to the project management professional designation include a specified number of hours of work experience as a project manager as well as related education. The employment and education criteria vary, but usually a bachelor’s degree that includes courses in communications, economics, or human resources, and at least 2 years experience as a project manager are required. Candidates without a bachelor’s degree, but with at least 5 years experience as a project manager plus some education that relates to project management, may still be permitted to take the project management professional designation exam.

The project management professional exam requires at least 100 hours of study time, double that for those with less education and experience in project management. The 4 hour computerized exam has 200 test questions relating to project initiation, planning, execution, supervision, and closing. Practice tests or study tests are available. Project management professional candidates are usually allowed 3 attempts at passing the exam within a one year period.

A project management professional understands issues such as risk management, stakeholder analysis, resource management, team performance analysis, and project performance analysis. A project management professional knows how to deliver cost effective projects on time. Strategic planning ability, resourceful problem solving, and an understanding of concepts such as statistics and cost-volume analysis, are some of the skills required by a project management professional. A project management professional must also have good team development skills and be able to resolve conflicts quickly. An ability to quickly understand various project software is crucial for a project management professional as a project could consist of designing new products, improving logistics management, or restructuring company operations.

A research project management professional has the added responsibility of assumption management since the projects are more experimental than in regular project management. Risk management becomes even more important and the necessary structure of funded research teams complicates organization and delegation aspects of regular project management. While a project management professional carefully plans the desired outcome, that cannot be the case in research project management where the outcome is unknown.

Production of Shotcrete

Either the wet-mix process or the dry-mix process may be used to produce shotcrete.

Dry mix process

Batching and Mixing

Aggregate and cementitious materials shall be batched by mass. Equipment for batching by mass shall be capable of the accuracy specified in ASTM C94. The mixing equipment shall be capable of thoroughly mixing materials in sufficient quantity to maintain placing continuity and be capable of discharging all mixed material without any carryover from one batch to the next.

Delivery Equipment

The equipment shall be  capable of discharge the aggregate-cement mixture into the delivery hose and delivering a continuous smooth stream of uniformly mixed material to the discharge nozzle. The discharge nozzle shall be equipped with a manually operated water injection system (water ring) for directing an even distribution of water through the aggregate-cement mixture. The water valve shall be capable of ready adjustment to vary the quantity of water and shall be convenient to the nozzleman.  The water pressure at the discharge nozzle shall be sufficiently greater than the operation air pressure to ensure that the water is completely mixed with the other materials. If the line water is inadequate, a water pump shall be introduced into the line. The water pressure shall be steady (non-pulsating). The delivery equipment shall be thoroughly cleaned at the end of each shift. Equipment parts, especially the nozzle liner and water ring shall be regularly inspected and replaced  as required.

Wet mix process

Batching and mixing

Batching and mixing shall be accomplished in accordance with the applicable provisions of ASTM C94. The mixing equipment shall be  capable of thoroughly mixing the specified materials in sufficient quantity to maintain continouous placing. Ready-mix shotcrete complying with ASTM C94 may be used.

Delivery Equipment

The equipment shall be capable of delivering the premixed materials accurately, uniformly and continuously through the delivery hose. Recommendations of the equipment manufacturer shall be followed on the type and size of nozzle to be used and on cleaning, inspection, and maintenance of the equipment.

Scholarships for Online Engineering Programs

Scholarships for online engineering programs are sometimes a bit tricky to find. There simply are not many of them available. Distance learning, also known as e-learning or online learning, is not considered as mainstream as traditional campus-based programs. Scholarships often require students to be enrolled full-time in a campus program. In contrast many online programs are not designed as “full-time.” The primary purpose of distance or online learning is the flexibility they offer career changers and other non-traditional students. Most programs also boast very affordable tuition costs in comparison.

Paying for Online Degrees

A benefit of many online programs is their options for payment. You can take courses and pay-as-you-go or make monthly payments. Another financial funding option to keep in mind is tuition reimbursement. Does your employer provide any assistance for you to go to school? If so, you may be able to receive generous support while you work and take courses from home.

Make sure you explore your federal and state-funded grant and scholarship options first.

Online Engineering Programs

Champlain College Online is highly rated by U.S. News and World Report. You will find a very good Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering. Best bet for scholarship and aid is application directly through the Financial Aid Department. Students demonstrating both academic merit and financial need will automatically be considered for scholarship programs. If you are a veteran or military personnel, you qualify for certain tuition waivers that may significantly, if not totally, cover the cost of tuition.

Earn a Masters in either Civil Engineering or Electrical Engineering from Norwich University online. The college is heavily invested in their online graduate program so check with the Financial Aid Office; they will fit you for scholarships and grants just like any other student.

Penn Foster College specializes in distance learning. The e-college offers four Associates degrees in engineering technology: Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Industrial Engineering. Technology degrees prepare students for entry-level jobs in the field, where hands-on practical technicians are required. Penn Foster typically does not offer scholarships, but advertises some of the more affordably priced online programs around.

Regis University is highly rated as both a traditional as well as an e-learning institution. Engineering certificate degrees available from the college include Master of Science in Software Engineering and Systems Engineering. The university maintains a stable of well-funded scholarship opportunities many of which may be suitable for online students or programs, depending upon your degree option, academic standing and financial need.

The University of Maryland University College offers an impressive and rare offering of online degree programs. Engineering students may be interested in the Master of Software Engineering or the Certificate in Software Engineering. Dozens of scholarships are sponsored by the college many targeting non-traditional students. Check with the College Financial Aid Office; they will let you know for which scholarships you qualify.

Construction Surveying

Construction surveying is generally performed by specialised technicians. Unlike land surveyors, the resulting plan does not have legal status. Construction surveyors perform the following tasks:

Survey existing conditions of the future work site, including topography, existing buildings and infrastructure, and even including underground infrastructure whenever possible (for example, measuring invert elevations and diameters of sewers at manholes);

Construction surveying (otherwise “lay-out” or “setting-out”): to stake out reference points and markers that will guide the construction of new structures such as roads or buildings for subsequent construction. These markers are usually staked out according to the arbitrary coordinate system used for the project;

Verify the location of structures during construction;

As-Built surveying: a survey conducted at the end of the construction project to verify that the work authorized was completed to the specifications set on plans.

“Coordinate Systems used in Construction”

Land surveys and surveys of existing conditions are generally performed according to [geodesic] coordinates. However for the purposes of construction an arbitrary construction coordinate system will often be used. During construction surveying, the surveyor will often have to convert from geodesic coordinates to the arbitrary coordinate system used for that project.

In the case of roads or other linear [infrastructure], a “chainage” will be established, often to correspond with the center line of the road. During construction, structures would then be located in terms of “chainage”, “offset” and “elevation”. “Offset” is said to be “left” or “right” relative to someone standing on the “chainage line” who is looking in the direction of increasing “chainage”. Plans would often show “plan” views (viewed from above), “profile” views (a “transparent” section view collapsing all section views of the road parallel to the “chainage”) or “cross-section” views (a “true” section view perpendicular to the “chainage”). In a “plan” view, “chainage” generally increases from left to right, or from the bottom to the top of the plan. “Profiles” are shown with the chainage increasing from left to right, and “cross-sections” are shown as if the viewer is looking in the direction of increasing chainage (so that the “left” “offset” is to the “left” and the “right” “offset” is to the “right”).

“Building Axes”

In the case of buildings, an arbitrary system of axes is often established so as to correspond to the rows of columns and the major load-bearing walls of the building. The axes may be identified alphabetically in one direction, and numerically in the other direction (as in a road map). The axes are usually but not necessarily perpendicular, and are often but not necessarily evenly spaced. Floors and basement levels are also numbered. Structures, equipment or architectural details may be located in reference to the floor and the nearest intersection of the arbitrary axes.

“Reference Lines”

In other types of construction projects, arbitrary “north-south” and “east-west” reference lines may be established, that do not necessarily correspond to true coordinates.

Construction Project Management Courses

If you are planning to choose a career in the field of construction management, might as well take up a program that will help you excel, like the construction project management courses offered in some of the schools. The construction project management courses provide construction professionals practical knowledge and expertise, which are exactly necessary to do your job.

The innovative and timely series of Construction Project Management courses are designed to develop the knowledge base of those working as project managers and project personnel, and to those who show interests to enter the field of construction management, whether for the principal or for service providers like consultants or contractors. The course focuses on basic principles across the breadth of the project management body of knowledge, and covers the key concepts in managing a project right from the start to final close-out.

The topics may include, but not limited to construction accounting, acquisitions, developments, estimation, plan reading, field project management, real estate law, bidding, scheduling, and construction safety. To obtain certificate of completion, students must successfully complete eight intensive courses. However, if you do not plan to pursue a certificate, you may possibly take individual classes. Additionally, all construction project management courses provide Continuing Education Units or CEUs.

The Core Courses of Construction Project Management Program may include but not limited to:

Construction Accounting this course reviews accounting theory, providing an understanding of the terminology of accounting. Payroll accounting focuses on workers compensation insurance, cost allocation and control. There is also other subjects that include types of businesses and organizations, lien law, construction cost control, progress payments and sub-contractor invoices, back charges, cash flow and cost of sales.

This Financing Real Estate Acquisitions course focuses on the nature of development projects, sources of funds, mortgages, payment and construction loan processing, and administration for both portfolio and for the sale projects.

The Estimation course provides cost estimating with emphasis on quantity survey and pricing. This Plan Reading course provides a survey of the fundamentals of Construction Math and plan reading. The Field Project management is one of the construction project management courses, which helps you become a successful project manager by learning the basic principles and responsibilities of construction process. You will also learn how to identify and manage the important components of project planning, budgeting and scheduling, resource allocation, legal requirements and ethical considerations, construction safety, and project supervision.

Real Estate Law (Law for Construction)this law provides an overview of the legal system such as contractor license law, contract laws, real estate law, mechanic liens, as well as basic contract principles and responsibilities.

Bidding and Scheduling this is one of the important construction project management courses that will touch on the different bidding strategies used in the construction industry, methods of selling or buying out the construction project. You will be able to learn to read, analyze and create your own bar chart and critical path method schedules. Additionally, you will learn to monitor time, money and other resources with the schedule. At the same time, learn to use the schedule to measure the effect of changes and delays on the project.

Construction Safety this course provides overview of safety procedures, regulations and their application, included also is a series of lectures supported by printed materials provided by an industry working safety specialist.

Project Manager

The project manager, in the broadest sense of the term, is the most important person for the success or failure of a project. The project manager is responsible for planning, organizing and controlling the project. In turn, the project manager receives authority from the management of the organization to mobilize the necessary resources to complete a project.

The project manager must be able to exert interpersonal influence in order to lead the project team. The project manager often gains the support of his/her team through a combination of the following:

• Formal authority resulting from an official capacity which is empowered to issue orders.

• Reward and/or penalty power resulting from his/her capacity to dispense directly or indirectly valued organization rewards or penalties.

• Expert power when the project manager is perceived as possessing special knowledge or expertise for the job.

• Attractive power because the project manager has a personality or other characteristics to convince others.

In a matrix organization, the members of the functional departments may be accustomed to a single reporting line in a hierarchical structure, but the project manager coordinates the activities of the team members drawn from functional departments. The functional structure within the matrix organization is responsible for priorities, coordination, administration and final decisions pertaining to project implementation. Thus, there are potential conflicts between functional divisions and project teams. The project manager must be given the responsibility and authority to resolve various conflicts such that the established project policy and quality standards will not be jeopardized. When contending issues of a more fundamental nature are developed, they must be brought to the attention of a high level in the management and be resolved expeditiously.

In general, the project manager’s authority must be clearly documented as well as defined, particularly in a matrix organization where the functional division managers often retain certain authority over the personnel temporarily assigned to a project. The following principles should be observed:

• The interface between the project manager and the functional division managers should be kept as simple as possible.

• The project manager must gain control over those elements of the project which may overlap with functional division managers.

• The project manager should encourage problem solving rather than role playing of team members drawn from various functional divisions.

Distance Learning Universities

A distance learning university is a university that offers programs on a correspondence basis known as distance education. Students receive and send in assignments through mail or email rather than attending the school in person. In other words, the difference between on-site and remote university studies is physical. Rather than communicate face to face, students are connected to faculty and other students through technology. Many top universities feature distance education programs and courses.

For example, the world renowned University of Oxford in the United Kingdom (UK) is a distance learning university. Oxford offers undergraduate and post-graduate diplomas and certificates in courses such as “Master of Studies in International Human Rights Law” and “Undergraduate Advanced Diploma in Data and System Analysis.” Harvard University, the prestigious Cambridge, Massachusetts university, has Internet based distance education courses as well as online seminars and lectures through its Harvard Extension School.

In 2007, the reputable Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, became a distance learning university in two ways. Stanford started the first online high school for gifted students as well as launched an international outreach program that same year. Stanford’s distance education high school diploma program, Education Program for Gifted Youth (EPGY), is designed to be completed by gifted students in three years. The international outreach program adapts Stanford’s education programs in collaboration with education models in African and Latin American universities.

A distance learning university usually offers prospective students self-assessment materials to help them discover whether distance education and online programs are right for them. Distance education is not for everyone because it takes an extreme amount of self-motivation and a close attention to deadlines to successfully complete mail correspondence or online classes. Not having much social interaction is a concern for some prospective distance education students, but many distance university courses today include online discussions between students as well as group projects using online technology.

Completing a course or degree on a part-time basis through a distance learning university can be a great option for those with work hours or commitments such as raising children that don’t allow them to attend a university full time in person. Exam delivery varies widely depending on each distance learning university. Not all schools offer exams remotely, and in this case, students may be required to take exams in nearby colleges or universities. Distance education is not something to rush into lightly, but it can be a great opportunity for those needing a flexible alternative to attending university on campus.

Project Management Consulting

Project management consulting is when an independent contractor with experience in project management is hired to perform a specific project. This contractor often holds project management (PM) designations that provide assurances of the level of education and experience at the appropriate level. All project management consultants have a minimum four-year undergraduate degree and at least two years industry experience.


There are different types of project management consulting, depending on the industry, the skill set required and the project to be completed. Project management consulting in construction requires professional engineers or architects, with many years senior project management experience in the construction industry. Extensive reference checking is standard before hiring a project management consultant.


In the software industry, project management consulting is used to provide temporary support when implementation or migrating software. Their expertise and experience is typically with that particular product. The educational background is more varied with this type of project management consultant, with a minimum undergraduate degree in computer science or business.


In project management consulting, the consultant is to be responsible for the successful completion of the project within a specific time frame and on a specific budget. In project management consulting, the firm defines the deliverable items, benchmarks and timelines. It is the responsibility of the hiring department to ensure that the scope is properly defined.


People who go into project management consulting have a combination of expertise in the specific industry or software product and the ability to manage people. Excellent communication, negotiation and administrative skills are necessary to successfully coordinate a group of people to achieve any goal. Project management consultants are usually hired for complex, large-scale projects and must have above average skills in these areas.


The project management professional (PMP) certification is an internationally recognized designation in the field of project management. In order to obtain this designation, the applicant must have between 900 and 1,500 hours actual, verified, hands on project management experience. All candidates are required to successfully pass the PMP exam.


The exam is a set of multiple choice questions based on the theory of project management, organizational behavior, scheduling, project life cycle and accepted project management theory. There are many companies that offer exam preparation seminars to help applicants pass this challenging exam. A growing number of businesses are now requiring consultants to have this designation, as it provides assurances to the level of skill and experience in project management consulting.

Bachelors in Civil Engineering

Job Description for Bachelors of Science in Civil Engineering

Civil engineering is one of the broadest of the engineering disciplines, extending across many technical specialties. Civil engineers plan, design, and supervise the construction of facilities essential to modern life. These facilities vary widely in nature, size, and scope and include space satellites and launching facilities, offshore structures, bridges, buildings, tunnels, highways, transit systems, dams, airports, harbors, water supply and wastewater treatment plants. Civil engineers work in diversified areas such as structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, water resources and environmental engineering, transportation engineering, ocean and coastal engineering, and construction engineering.

Skills for Success

• Able to identify, analyze and solve problems
• Good oral and written communication skills
• Aptitude for computing and design
• Practical and creative
• Able to work without supervision
• Able to work as part of a team
• Able to accept responsibility
• Willing to contribute and adhere to the safety requirements of the operation

Employment Opportunities for Civil Engineering Majors

• Airport Engineer
• Bldg. Construction Inspector
• Cartographer
• Cooperative Extension Agent
• Design Engineer
• Director, Traffic and Planning
• Drafter, Civil
• Drafter, Structural
• Drainage Design Coordinator
• Environmental Engineer
• Forest Engineer
• Geological Engineer
• Geologist
• Hazardous Waste Specialist
• Hydraulic Engineer
• Hydro Geologist
• Industrial Traffic Manager
• Irrigation Engineer
• Landscape Architect
• Meteorologist
• Mining Engineer
• Natural Resources Manager
• Oceanographer
• Production Engineer
• Public Utilities Manager
• Railroad Engineer
• Sanitary Engineer
• Structural Engineer
• Transportation Engineer
• Urban/Regional Planner
• Waste Management Engineer,
• Radioactive Materials
• Water Pollution Control
• Water/Wastewater Plant Supervisor
• Waterworks Engineer

Education, Degrees, Certifications for Project Managers

A project manager is the person accountable for accomplishing the stated project objectives. Key project management responsibilities include creating clear and attainable project objectives, building the project requirements, and managing the triple constraint for projects, which is cost, time, and scope.


Individuals wishing to obtain professional certifications may take one or more of the offerings available from a variety of organizations:


The Project Management Institute offers the following credentials to project managers:

• Project Management Professional (PMP)
• Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM),
• Program Management Professional (PgMP)
• Master Project Management (MPM)
• PMI Risk Management Professional (PMI-RMP), and
• PMI Scheduling Professional (PMI-SP)

Other institutions and organizations:

• The University of Wisconsin’s Masters Certificate in Project Management
• The Canadian Construction Association (CCA) offers GSC as Project Manager.
• The UK Office of Government Commerce offers PRINCE2 certification.
• The Australian Institute of Project Management (AIPM) offers Registered Project Manager (RegPM) certification.
• The Defense Acquisition University (DAU) and its School of Program Management offers practitioner training in every element of project management for members of the Federal Government, Defense industry and allied nations.

There are other graduate degrees in project and technology management, such as an MSPM. However, the majority of all project management skills may be developed through the completion of a Ph.D, D.Phil or other similar higher Doctorate.


The IPMA is an international network of national project management societies such as Association for Project Management in the UK. IPMA serves as an umbrella organisation representing national societies which offer their certifications.

New Re symbol will appeal to all: designer

On a day when India finally got a symbol for the Rupee and joined a select club of countries whose currencies have an unique identity, CNN-IBN spoke to D Udaya Kumar, a postgraduate student of the Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, who had designed the symbol.
CNN-IBN: Now that the symbol that you drew has been selected as the symbol that represents Indian Rupee, it must be a proud moment for you?

D Udaya Kumar: Certainly. I am really excited and thrilled. I can't find words to express my happiness.
CNN-IBN: Can you please explain to what it (the symbol) actually means?

D Udaya Kumar: I have given a lot of thought to this design. It is basically based on the letter 'ra' in Devnagri script. In that, I have just added a strikethrough line to represent Indian flag. And since I have incorporated the Devnagri script, it represents the Indianness of it because the top-line is quite unique and is not found in any other script. I have also tried to incorporate the Roman script 'R' within it for it to have an international appeal.

CNN-IBN: Few days back, we saw how a 22-year-old (Dr Tathagat Tulsi) became the youngest professor to join IIT-Bombay. You too are from the IIT. Is it the institution that pushes you to do these things?

D Udaya Kumar: Certainly. The environment here definitely gives us an advantage. It inspires one a lot when one sees his friends working hard and doing a great job. One is inspired to follow them, do a lot of work and achieve something. So, IIT-Bombay has immensely helped me, inspired me a lot and supported me with all my designs.

CNN-IBN: How significant is this new symbol for Indian rupee as well as Indian economy, from your perspective?

D Udaya Kumar: I think it is very much important that the Indian currency has a symbol because everywhere we see Dollar signs, Euro signs and Pound signs. Now that we also have a symbol, it would be seen all over the world.

CNN-IBN: You were one of the five persons whose symbols were shortlisted. You also got an opportunity to interact with them. How was that experience?

D Udaya Kumar: When five of us finalists were called to Delhi to make presentations, I got to share my design as well as see their designs. All the designs were really great and had their own uniqueness in them. It also made me look at my design with a different perspective. And though there were some commonalities between our designs; each one of our designs were excellent.
The Indian rupee will soon have a unique symbol --- a blend of the Devanagri 'Ra' and Roman 'R' --- joining elite currencies like the US dollar, euro, British pound and Japanese yen in having a distinct identity.

The new symbol, designed by Bombay IIT post-graduate D Udaya Kumar, was approved by the cabinet today — reflecting that the Indian currency, backed by an over-trillion dollar economy, was finally making its presence felt on the international scene.

"It's a big statement on the Indian currency... The symbol would lend a distinctive character and identity to the currency and further highlight the strength and global face of the Indian economy," Information and Broadcasting Minister Ambika Soni told reporters after the cabinet meeting.

Though the symbol will not be printed or embossed on currency notes or coins, it would be included in the 'Unicode Standard' and major scripts of the world to ensure that it is easily displayed and printed in the electronic and print media.

Among currencies with distinctive identities, only the pound sterling has its symbol printed on the notes.

Unicode is an international standard that allows text data to be interchanged globally without conflict. After incorporation in the global and Indian codes, the symbol would be used by all individuals and entities within and outside the country.

The symbol will be adopted in a span of six months in the country, and within 18 to 24 months globally, Soni said, adding that it will feature on computer keyboards and softwares for worldwide use.

Soni said that the symbol, which reflects the Indian ethos and culture, would help distinguish the currency from the rupee or rupiah of other countries like Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Indonesia.

Besides this, state governments would be asked to proactively promote the use of the new symbol, she added.

Kumar's entry was chosen from 3,000 designs competing for the currency symbol. He will get an award of Rs 2.5 lakh.

"It is a perfect blend of Indian and Roman letters — capital 'R' and Devanagri 'Ra' which represents rupaiah, to appeal to international and Indian audiences... My design is based on the tricolour, with two lines at the top and white space in between," a visibly-happy Kumar said.

The jury, which had sent the five short-listed entries for the cabinet's approval, was headed by a Reserve Bank Deputy Governor.

Design: India’s New Rupee Symbol

 New symbol for Indian Rupee designed by IIT Bombay alum

The Republic of India is unique in its extraordinary diversity of language and scripts. As many as seventeen different languages are represented on its Rupee note. How does one then reduce this diversity to a single symbol of our currency?

The chosen symbol is based on the Devanagari script using the letter Ra to serve as a mnemonic for the word Rupee. This is a fairly obvious idea — perhaps the first thing one would think of. It is hardly a surprise, then, that a large number of the thousands of entries submitted to the competition based their designs on the Devanagari Ra.

Of all the Indian scripts, the Devanagari is the most widely used. Besides Hindi, which is the most widely spoken language in India, variants of Devanagari are used across all the scripts in the North, including Gurmukhi, Marathi, Bengali, Assamese, etc. While the scripts of southern languages do not reflect the Devanagari infuence, it is acceptable in the south because of the legacy of Sanskrit.

If the mark is to have a semantic connect across the country, Devanagari is the only sensible choice. Again, the choice of the Ra character is an obvious one as it provides the phonetic connect with Ra for Rupee (like A for Apple). No other character could have been considered (for example P for Paisa, which has more or less lost its relevance, cannot be considered as a symbol for the Rupee).

Serendipitously, the Devanagari Ra also bears a resemblance to the letter R of the Latin alphabet, as it looks like a stylised R without the vertical stroke.

What makes the design work is the horizontal stroke which runs parallel to the top bar, which has been interpreted as an ‘equals to’ sign. This is what brings the otherwise nondescript Ra into the world of currency symbols.

This small intervention creates a formal connect with the visual vocabulary of other symbols such as the dollar, euro, pound and yen, all of which have strokes added on to traditional letterforms. Its resemblance to these universally recognised currency symbols makes this one credible, guaranteeing its entry to a club where the members have to look like they belong, where it is not appropriate for them to be disruptive.

Five designs that were short-listed by the jury and sent to the Cabinet for its approval

   For all these reasons, the chosen mark is appropriate to represent the rupee. However the process by which it was chosen is mystifying. The final logo was not one of the five designs that were short-listed by the jury and sent to the Cabinet for its approval. So where did it come from, and how did it become a contender after the short list was published? As in most cases of selection initiated by the Government, the process is unclear.

However, in this instance, the final design is a great improvement on the designs in the short list; so perhaps, just this once, the end justifies the means.

Sujata Keshavan is MD & Executive
Creative Director, Ray+Keshavan

New symbol for Indian Rupee designed by IIT Bombay alum
  
The Indian rupee will soon have a unique symbol - a blend of the Devanagri 'Ra' and Roman 'R' — joining elite currencies like the US dollar, euro, British pound and Japanese yen in having a distinct identity. The new symbol, designed by Bombay IIT post-graduate D Udaya Kumar, was approved by the cabinet reflecting the fact that the Indian currency, backed by an over-trillion dollar economy, was finally making its presence felt on the international scene.

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Homemade windmill – guidelines for windmills set up

What can we do to cope with world energy crisis today? The first thing we can do right away is to save the existing power with several saving methods. Second, we can try our ways making more power using alternative energy resources. Most popular homemade solutions are wind and solar power systems.

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